Comparing AWS Framework: Amplify vs Serverless
One of the most important and growing platforms is AWS (Amazon Web Services) when it comes to serverless technology. There is a variety of open-source and third-party frameworks that simplify serverless application development and deployment. My journey in the serverless computing space started with the search for a perfect framework that supports JavaScript and would make me accomplish my requirements with ease. Two of the best ones that I had to pick between were the Serverless Framework (a third-party open-source framework supporting other cloud platforms) and the Amplify Framework (developed by AWS). I tried both of them. The remaining part of this article is my findings, which would help you decide on the framework you should choose for your project. I’ll split my views into Ease of Development, Services Supported, Local Development Testing, Documentation and Community Support, Plugin Availability, and CI/CD and compare the frameworks within each section. Amplify vs Serverless: Ease of Development Both frameworks provide CLI-based development. In Serverless Framework, you can start the development by using one of the templates provided for the language you use. In my case, since I use JavaScript, I can use the command given below: SLS create –template aws-nodejs To deploy the application to AWS, we only need to use a single command given below: SLS deploy Amplify provides UI Components for front-end frameworks such as React and creating and managing the back end. We can use the command below to create an Amplify application: amplify init To add/remove a specific service, we can use the following command: amplify <category> add/remove Here category is one of the different ones supported by Amplify, and each comprises different AWS Services. To deploy an amplify application, we can use the following command: amplify push As you can see, both frameworks provide CLI commands to easily develop and deploy your serverless application in less than 3 commands. But Amplify provides a CLI command to easily create different AWS services by answering some prompts, which is not present in the serverless framework when writing this article. So Amplify slightly edges out Serverless Framework in this area. Services Supported by Amplify Amplify currently supports the following categories: These are the services supported by Amplify out of the box. When we add a category using the command mentioned in the previous section, it creates the necessary CloudFormation syntax for the resource. It adds it to a JSON file maintained by Amplify, which is then deployed to AWS. We can add other services that the CLI does not directly support by manually editing this CloudFormation file. But a small issue I found is that the CLI overwrites the same file when we add/remove a category. This can undo the changes that we made to the file. Serverless Framework, on the other hand, has no pre-defined set of supported services. Since it uses an abstraction of AWS CloudFormation syntax, we can add any service as a resource using the same. It uses a serverless.yml file that contains all the infrastructure resources defined. Once we deploy the application, it generates AWS CloudFormation, which creates a CloudFormation stack in AWS. So, in my opinion, the Serverless Framework is more flexible in terms of the services supported. Even though we can manually edit the CloudFormation in Amplify, it is not as straightforward or hassle-free as the Serverless Framework. Amplify vs Serverless: Local Testing The first thing we can notice when starting with Amplify is that it promotes GraphQL more than REST. For example, I want to use the AWS ElasticSearch service for my project. But it is only directly supported by GraphQL. I want to use REST API endpoints with AWS ElasticSearch service, which is not possible out of the box. Similarly, in the case of testing my REST API endpoints locally, I couldn’t find a way with Amplify at the time of writing this article. Sadly, it provides a way to mock GraphQL endpoints using a single command, not what I want. Serverless Framework has a plugin that supports offline testing of the REST API endpoints, and it also has a plugin for creating a local instance of DynamoDB. It even has a plugin to test the DynamoDB streams locally, which I’m using in my project. As per my requirement, the Serverless Framework provides far better local testing abilities than Amplify. Amplify vs Serverless: Documentation and Community Support Both frameworks provide excellent documentation. But I found more examples of different services for the Serverless Framework. I think this is because the Serverless Framework has been here for quite some time. So it has a comparatively large community of users than Amplify. I encountered several different issues with both of the frameworks. In such cases, the Serverless Framework community was more helpful in resolving them. Since Amplify is quite new, most of the issues encountered were bugs that weren’t resolved. But, there were some workarounds for the same, provided by the community, which were useful. In this section also, Serverless Framework continues to shine as compared to Amplify. Amplify vs Serverless: Plugin Availability As we saw in the local testing section, Serverless Framework has a wide variety of plugins available. There are certified and approved plugins by Serverless Framework Team, and there are also community-built ones. These plugins make it easy to add new functionality to the framework without having to add them manually. Amplify has a minimal number of plugins as compared to Serverless Framework, but the Amplify CLI provides a way to create our own plugins using the command below: amplify plugin init or amplify plugin new In terms of plugins, the Serverless Framework is again far ahead of Amplify. Amplify vs Serverless: CI/CD Amplify provides a way to implement the CI/CD of your full-stack application through the Amplify Console. We can associate our Amplify application repository with Amplify Console. It is pretty straightforward to set up. But in my experience, CI/CD was a hit or a miss. Some of the time, I came across some weird issues. But when it works,
Cybersecurity Measures for Organizations during the Covid-19 Pandemic
The covid-19 pandemic presents information security officers and their teams at organizations with two priorities, which are also challenges. The first is to facilitate the arrangement of work-from-home facilities for the smooth operations of organizations. And the second is to maintain the confidentiality, security, and integrity of data and network as online traffic flow rises as a result of a large number of people working from home. As proprietary corporate data is being accessed on machines from homes, which do not have the same level of security as in the office setups, it becomes vital to protect them and frame some strategies for that purpose. In the article, we describe the actions, in terms of technology modifications, people engagement and business process strengthening, required on the part of organizations to safeguard their assets, data, and privacy. Technological Modification With the ‘Work From Home’ being adopted everywhere, cybersecurity teams and organizations need to take following technologically proactive measures to extenuate the potential threats. Patching of Critical Systems: IT officers must accelerate the patches for critical systems such as VPN, end-point protection, and cloud interfaces that are essential for working remotely. This will help the companies remove the vulnerabilities in their systems. Multifactor Authentication: The second action required is the scaling up of the MFA or Multifactor Authentication. The people working from home must be required to access critical applications only by using MFAs. Though the implementation of MFA is challenging, it can be made manageable by prioritizing the users who work with critical users such as domain and system administrations, and developers and people who work with critical systems such as money transfers. First, to gain experience, the cybersecurity teams can roll out this on a demonstrative basis and then after gaining enough confidence can extend it to the whole organization. Compensating controls for facility-based applications: The third tactic to be used is the installation of compensating controls for facility-based applications migrated to remote access. Some applications such as cell center wikis, and bank teller interfaces, which are only available to users working onsite at an organization’s facilities, must be protected with some special controls such as VPNs and MFAs. Accounting for Shadow IT: The fourth action is to account for shadow IT, which at many companies, employees set up without formal approval or support from the IT department. Remote working will make such systems vulnerable as when the employees start working remotely, the business processes that depend on shadow IT will not be accessible remotely for protection. Now it is the responsibility of cybersecurity teams to look out for such shadow IT systems in organizations. Device Virtualization: The final action that the companies can take in terms of technological adaptation is to accelerate device virtualization because many of the cloud-based virtualized desktop solutions can make it easier for employees to work remotely as many of them can be implemented faster than can be onsite. Importantly, the new solutions will require strong MFAs. People Engagement Even after adequate technology controls are put in place, there is some vulnerability in the way people behave at home. And here they are required to exercise good judgment for maintaining security. In the offices, their online behavior can be monitored but at home, their unmonitored behavior may invite some malicious attacks that put the whole organization’s systems in jeopardy. To avoid such situations, people working remotely can follow the following guidelines: Communicate Creatively: Employees must communicate creatively. The stressful and crisis-ridden time can easily make the warnings of cybersecurity lost in the din. The communications channels should be two ways, in which questions, answers, and clarifications can be posted in real-time and best practices can be shared. The communication channels established have to compensate for the existing loss of informal interactions in office settings. Focus on what to do: Telling employees not to use certain tools such as consumer websites at home can be counterproductive. Instead, the security teams should explain is are the benefits, in terms of security and productivity, of using approved messaging and file transfer tools to do their jobs. To make it safer overall, the employees should be encouraged to use only the approved devices and to buy approved hardware and software by providing some incentive for such behaviors. Training of the Employees: The most important action that an organization can take is to make its employees aware of social engineering during the pandemic times. They should be trained about phishing, vishing, smashing, etc, and how they should deal with it and how they can avoid getting tricked. Monitor High-Risk Groups: Every organization dealing with important data and private data must identify and monitor high-risk users such as those working with confidential or private data. Such a group poses more risk and is generally on the radars of attackers. The high-risk group must be trained adequately. Strengthening Business Processes As the business processes in the companies may not be designed to support extensive networks from home, they may lack adequate controls. In such a scenario, complementary security control processes can be deployed to mitigate the risks. Following are some of the ways for strengthening business processes: Support Secure Remote Working Tools: During a period such as the current one when people are working from home and settings and installing basic tools such as VPNs and MFA, security and admin teams should make available extra capacity. Also, the security teams of a company must be available on calls for providing support sought out by an employee. Test Incident-Response (IR) and Business Continuity (BC) Plans: To find weak points in your IR and BC or disaster recovery (DR) plans must be adjusted and tested as the organizations might have to tweak them in the current crisis conditions. Expand Monitoring: As cyberattacks are on the rise in the current period, it is required that the scope of organization-wide monitoring activities must be widened. Widening the protection activities is also important because basic boundary protection mechanisms, such as proxies, web gateways, or network detection
Best Practises for Ensuring IoT Security at the Application Level
In 2015, a group of security researchers hacked a Jeep, turned its windshield wipers and air conditioners on, and then stopped the functioning of the accelerator. Not only this, they said that they were capable of disabling the engine and the brakes. They could do it by infiltrating the vehicle’s network through manufacturer Chrysler’s in-vehicle connectivity system, Uconnect. In another instance of Internet of Things security vulnerability, in October 2016, when a hacker exploited a loophole in a specific model of the security camera, more than 300,000 video recorders started to attack many social network websites. This brought down Twitter and other platforms for more than two hours. The examples above shed light on the vulnerability of IoT and what can happen to IoT systems with poor security apparatus. According to Statista Research Department, IoT-connected devices worldwide are estimated to reach over 75 billion by the end of 2025. The rising worldwide popularity of Internet of Things usage is unexpected as it brings with it several business advantages across all industries. The advantages include increased efficiency and cost savings among others wherever IoT is used. However, along with varieties of benefits and advantages come several daunting security challenges at all levels. IoT Security Best Practices during IoT Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Requirements Phase Design phase Development Phase Testing Phase Deployment Phase Maintenance Phase
Mobile Test Automation: How to Select the Right Tools for your Next Project?
The mobile testing landscape is becoming more sophisticated every day and here are some challenges that companies should look out for.
Big Data Solution Pipelines using Open Source Technologies and Public Cloud
Data pipelines are a crucial component of any big data solution. These are software that handles data streaming and batch processing, whereby data undergoes various transformations along the way.
This blog describes various big data streaming/batch processing options available with private clusters leveraging open source technologies and serverless public cloud infrastructures like AWS.
Exploring Serverless Architecture Use Cases and Benefits
Serverless computing is no longer a buzz term in the field of Information Technology following the gradual migration of industries and even startups towards the idea of dynamic resource management. Companies typically invest a good portion of their budget & manpower towards maintaining and upgrading servers that host different functionalities of an application. In fact, server maintenance is posed as an important and mandatory step since it’s necessary for the services to keep up with the ever-rising demand in customer base and workload without any downtime to the end-user interface. However, the advent of serverless computing has completely eliminated the need for companies such as Netflix and Codepen to rely on server maintenance as it is handled by third-party providers. What is Serverless Architecture? The name “Serverless” doesn’t necessarily imply that there are zero servers involved. Conversely, it indicates that product owners do not need to worry about provisioning or maintaining a server. In simple terms, serverless computing aids developers to run code without the need to provision or maintain either physical or virtual servers. Server maintenance is taken care of by third-party vendors with scalable architecture such as Amazon Lambda, Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure. The idea is to provide continuous scaling of services without the need to monitor/maintain the resources. Developers are only required to build their code and upload it to the serverless architecture (e.g. Amazon Lambda or Azure/Google Function). Running the services & auto-scaling of instances are automatically taken care of by the selected third-party events. The events are triggered by any external HTTP requests (or any other AWS services) through API gateways. The event-driven approach is susceptible to varying incoming workloads and creates a real-time responsive architecture. This enables companies to reduce costs and utilize the workforce towards improving their product features. Serverless computing is extremely advantageous to startups given that it constitutes a pay-as-you-go model that charges only for the resources consumed during the computing time. This means if your code stays ideal no cost would be incurred. Why prefer Serverless over Microservices? The microservices-based model is characterized by the idea that business functionalities are split into multiple stable and asynchronous individual services with complete ownership provided to the respective developers. With the least fault tolerance, microservices do come with a set of advantages such as technological flexibility, scalability, and consumption-based billing. However, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) entails constant management overhead to ensure that they are up-to-date via patching cycles and maintaining backups. With respect to the serverless model, each action of the application is viewed as separate functions decoupled from each other. This is highly advantageous because the functions themselves can scale up depending on the workload. One of the most popular use cases is that CI/CD (Continuous Integration & Deployment) helps in deploying code and bug fixes in smaller increments on a daily basis. Serverless architecture can automate most of these tasks by having the code check-in as a trigger. Unlike microservices, creating builds and automatic rollbacks in case of any issues can be carried out without any direct management using serverless computing. Serverless Architecture Use Cases What is the right time to migrate to a serverless architecture? A few popular use cases that can define an organization’s need to adopt the FaaS model are as follows: IoT Support: A serverless architecture that can aggregate data from different devices, compute & analyze them and trigger respective functions can provide a more scalable and low-budget solution for industries. Serverless backends can be customized to handle mobile, web, and third-party API requests. Image & Video Processing: Image processing has emerged as an early frontrunner to adapt the serverless approach, especially the organizations dealing with facial and image recognition. In a 2016 conference, IBM demonstrated the use of its own serverless tool OpenWhisk, by using a drone to capture aerial pictures that were then subjected to cognitive analysis through custom APIs. More practical use cases of IBM’s OpenWhisk include surveying agricultural fields, detecting flood-affected areas, search and rescue operations & conducting infrastructure inspections. Hybrid Cloud Vendors: Enterprises possess varying needs with respect to cloud requirements and there are several providers in the market with different services. They tend to utilize the strongest services from each vendor making the application dependent on multiple third-party tools. However, serverless computing makes it possible to deploy any cloud providers of our preference and connect them using custom APIs. Benefits of adopting the serverless architecture Event-driven functions to execute business logic. Pay-as-you-go model that cuts major costs related to infrastructure maintenance. Reduced time to market, thereby enabling faster code deployment. Auto-scaling architecture with on-demand availability. Faster disaster recovery and rollback options to ensure that the user interface operates 24×7. The serverless model is in fact a brilliant concept that uses the cloud to its maximum potential without requiring infrastructure management. Given the evolution of market dynamics at a significantly accelerated pace, organizations are forced to keep up with the current trends and serverless computing acts as a catalyst for achieving that goal. Although the adoption of serverless computing entails a set of challenges, organizations are rapidly adopting the FaaS model due to its significant benefits, and this is projected to increase over time. The advent of various tools has further considerably simplified the development of serverless applications. Specifically, in the case of AWS, CloudFormation templates written in YAML constitute the basis via which services are specified for deployment although it could potentially become unmanageable. Tools, such as AWS Amplify, further simplify the same to enable developers to focus on their jobs while the tool focuses on deployment.
Web Application Security Issues and Solutions
Today’s internet is all about web apps and the advancement of web applications and other technologies that change the way we do business. Applications with valuable data make them a high-priority target for a security breach. The types of data that are often stolen include valuable information like core business data, customer identification, access controls, etc. These data threats make it imperative to follow web application security best practices. So if security matters, you have to be proactive and not reactive. Assuming that the network firewall that you have in place to protect your network will secure your websites and web applications won’t help. Ensuring security is about identifying the risks and implementing appropriate countermeasures. This requires developers to spend time scanning and identifying vulnerabilities than fixing them. Application security is a need for users and the responsibility of the developers. This is a need since software security breaches cost millions of dollars for any organization; fixing defects after the release is relatively risky and expensive; security issues can cause negative publicity. A responsibility to protect your site visitors, protect your brand image, and protect your customer’s trust. How to Prevent Web Application Security Issues? As a preventive measure, web app developers typically adopt threat modeling, a methodology for identifying threats, their causes, prevention, and mitigation strategies to avoid the negative effects of security risks. It complements the security code review process by looking at an application from the attacker’s perspective. This model ensures that applications are being developed with built-in security from the very beginning. Additionally, there are some basic practices that every developer can and should be doing as a matter of course for preventing security issues. For securing web applications you must identify all security issues and vulnerabilities within the application before an attacker identifies and exploits them. Scan your web application using a black box scanner, do a manual source code audit, and do an automated/manual scan for identifying coding problems. Almost all technical vulnerabilities can be identified using automated scanning methods like SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting, etc, whereas manual scanning will help in identifying logical vulnerabilities. Try to limit the remote access of a web application to a specific set of IP addresses. The administrator must always take some time to analyze every web application that is running and ensure the least possible privileges are provided to the user, application, and service. Make sure to differentiate your live environment from the development and testing environment. The most important process in securing your web application is to always install security patches so that the attackers cannot find and exploit any known vulnerabilities in the software. Making use of web application firewalls (WAF) will check the incoming traffic and block any attempts made for the attack. Apart from this, you can use various security tools to scan web applications. Web Application Security Tools Some of the free tools used for testing web application security are: Burp Suite, a comprehensive solution for web application security checks Netsparker, a tool used for testing SQL injection and XSS OpenVAS, the tool claiming to be the most advanced open source security scanner used for testing known vulnerabilities. SecurityHeaders.io is a tool to quickly report which security headers like CSP and HSTS a domain has enabled and correctly configured. Xenotix XSS Exploit Framework, a tool from OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) that includes a huge selection of XSS attack examples, which you can run to quickly confirm whether your site’s inputs are vulnerable in Chrome, Firefox, and IE. OWASP ZAP, the Zed attack proxy is easy to use integrated penetration testing tool for finding vulnerabilities in web applications. OWSAP SWFIntruder (Swiff Intruder), is a first-in-case tool specifically developed for analyzing and testing the security of Flash applications at runtime. Subgraph Vega is a free and open-source scanner and testing platform to test the security of web applications. Vega can help you find and validate SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), inadvertently disclosed sensitive information, and other vulnerabilities. Browser extensions can also help in securing web applications like: Firefox Live HTTP Headers – View HTTP headers of a page while browsing Firefox Tamper Data – Use tamper data to view and modify HTTP/HTTPS headers and post parameters Firefox Web Developer Tools – The Web Developer extension adds various web developer tools to the browser Firefox Firebug – Firebug integrates with Firefox to edit, debug, and monitor CSS, HTML, and JavaScript
Getting started with Angular Universal: How and Why?
Angular is designed to build powerful single-page web applications. In a Single-page application, normally we first bring the data to the client and then build the HTML that represents the data on the client-side.
Angular Universal allows us to run the Angular app on the server, thus enabling us to serve static HTML to the user.
Importance of Cloud Computing for Small Business and Startups
The cloud has become an integral part of the IT strategy of most large corporations, but for many small businesses & start-ups, it is still an unknown commodity. The benefits of cloud computing services in terms of business agility, financial prudence, etc, are pertinent for large corporations as well as start-ups and small businesses. But there are still many small businesses not completely sure about what is meant by cloud computing and where it fits into their IT strategy. What is Cloud Computing? To really understand how the cloud is beneficial for small businesses, let’s first understand what cloud computing really is: Cloud computing is a mechanism by which computing resources are available online. The computer resources can be in the form of data centers, processors, system-level software, or application-level software. These resources are shared and available on demand. These resources can be either publicly available or private (for use only within an organization). The cloud computing levels are: Infrastructure Processor Block Storage N/W Platform Database Queues Runtime Object Storage Application HRM CRM ERP Accounting Communication The importance of Cloud Computing levels mean for a Small Business or a Startup For a small business or a start-up arranging all the physical computing resources can be costly. Startups and small businesses are always concerned about the cost. Physical resources (Infrastructure layer) most times consume the bulk of the cost of setting up a startup or expanding a small business. It is here that the infrastructure layer of the cloud can be particularly beneficial. Instead of setting up separate servers or data centers, one can actually get these resources when required, on-demand, by using the cloud. As a small business or a start-up, the cloud gives immense flexibility. If required you can scale up really fast and also on the flip side, you can immediately cut costs by unsubscribing to unnecessary computing resources. Quite often when we are setting up our business we provision for peak demand. So if we feel that we might have X amount of peak data requirement, Y amount of peak processor requirement, and Z amount of Peak N/W port requirements. We would actually provision for X, Y & Z. However, the actual average utilization of these resources might be X/4, Y/4, and Z/4. This means most times the resources are ideal. Now if we were on the cloud and utilizing the infrastructure layer, we would be having the flexibility of using just as much as we require. The actual hardware and its complexity are hidden from the subscriber in this case. Virtual machines are being created in the background and provide this infrastructure. A Hypervisor runs this virtual machine. In simple terms, a Hypervisor is a computer that is running many virtual computers. It is allowing for the sharing of resources, such that it is possible to run multiple Linux, Windows, and OS X instances on a single physical x86 machine. An alternative to Hypervisors is Linux Containers which do away with the need to have separate computers (hypervisors) which are overhead. The management of this Virtual hardware is the headache of the infrastructure layer service provider. These additional human resources who manage IT infrastructure may not be required in-house. The platform layer provides databases, queues, temporary storage, etc, which can be used by application developers to develop software that can run on the cloud. Thus the underlying complexity of buying and managing hardware and software can be removed. Microsoft Azure & Google App Engine provides platform layer offers that will automatically scale with the application’s requirement of databases, queues, etc. Thus small businesses and start-ups that have limited budgets and resources can use such an offering to their advantage. Also because of its pay-as-you-go mechanism, it allows for the cost to be spread over a period of time. Finally, the Application layer is a way to get on-demand software. This software can be any of the business requirements that the business might have: CRM, ERP, HRM, Accounting, etc. Instead of developing this or installing it on the system, the software can be got on demand. Even the cost of maintaining the software is provided by the service provider. The pricing model for this is monthly in general and again gets spread out instead of being a one-time payment. This is again a huge benefit for small businesses. With the application stored centrally, updates can be released without the need for users to install the new software.
The Role of Procurement in Smart Manufacturing
Industry 4.0 is revolutionizing the way the manufacturing sector operates. It includes disruptive manufacturing technologies that support automation and drive seamless data exchange. It encompasses techniques such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), cloud computing, and Artificial Intelligence. With Industry 4.0, digital tools are empowering manufacturing to move to the next level of efficiency. The Industry 4.0 ecosystem has contributed to the growth of smart manufacturing facilities that connect multiple supply chain networks. Since the connectivity extends beyond the four walls of the manufacturing plant, suppliers and customers also benefit from the manufacturer’s digital transformation. Investing in disruptive technology and tools is one of the first steps in transitioning to a smart manufacturing plant, which involves the procurement department. The Role of Procurement in Smart Manufacturing The role of the procurement division comes into the picture when smart manufacturing facilities need to be leveraged for the growth of the manufacturing company. Companies may need to invest in sensors, actuators, controllers, and other hardware and software necessary to set up the smart ecosystem. In addition, procurement teams need to understand the technology tools, so they can choose the right suppliers for them. A few important procurement criteria to consider when setting up smart manufacturing facilities are listed below. 1. Integration & Reliability Although the procurement process is not too different for Industry 4.0 technology solutions, purchasing managers need to understand the integration features of tools and solutions before making a purchase decision. This is because smart manufacturing facilities need to work in unison with existing systems and software to bring out the desired high levels of connectivity. An incompatible device can cause outage issues that may cause a ripple effect throughout the plant. 2. Safety & Security Security features of devices and software solutions are important factors that procurement managers have to check before making sourcing decisions. Companies may also need to purchase other safety devices or additional software to protect their networks from cyber-attacks, malware, and other security threats. 3. SaaS Options After the new hardware and software have been implemented, the data that is generated from the smart manufacturing ecosystem can be connected to an IIoT platform or a cloud computing tool, for further processing and analysis. Purchase managers can consider SaaS (Software as a Service) models that are a cost-effective option for the company. SaaS allows the “pay-as-you-use” option (to pay only for the time the analytics engine is in use) which is highly beneficial for manufacturing companies that are slowly making the transition to the smart manufacturing setup. 4. Reliability When evaluating products for a smart manufacturing setup, reliability is an essential factor to consider. It is not only about meeting the specs required to integrate the device into the existing system, but it is also about how reliable it will be for long-term success, and the role it will play in generating business results. Industry 4.0 is here to stay, so it is important for purchase managers to maintain a long-term relationship with smart manufacturing device suppliers and technology providers to keep the ecosystem working efficiently. Moreover, since technology is always pushing its limits, the purchasing department must also be ready to accommodate the next wave of technology soon. Are you ready to take the leap forward into a smart manufacturing ecosystem? InApp offers custom digital transformation solutions that leverage disruptive technology, empowering manufacturing companies to stay competitive and overcome industry challenges. With 20+ years of experience in the manufacturing sector, InApp is a technology partner for the long haul. If you want to explore the various digital solutions that we offer, drop us a line and we’ll get back to you.