The integration of WebDriver API has been a major change in Selenium in terms of browser automation. WebDriver has a well-designed object-oriented API that provides a simpler and more concise programming interface. Along with Selenium, WebDrivers can make direct calls to the browsers by directly using the browser’s built-in support for automation. The following figure shows the Selenium Web server as an intermediary that interacts with the script (in Python / PHP) and the browser (Chrome / IE / Safari / Firefox).
Here are some useful tips on using Selenium WebDriver
1. Open different browsers in the web driver
a. Firefox Driver
WebDriver webDriver= new FirefoxDriver();
b. Chrome Driver
WebDriver webDriver= new ChromeDriver();
c. Internet Explorer Driver
WebDriver webDriver= new InternetExplorerDriver();
d. Safari Driver
WebDriver webDriver= new SafariDriver();
2. Open new Tab
webDriver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“body”)).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL +”t”);
3. Close the newly opened tab
webDriver.findElement(By.cssSelector(“body”)).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL +”w”);
4. Wait for an element to be available on the page
a. Method one
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 30);
WebElement element =
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(‘xpath-of-element’)));
b. Method two
List<WebElement> sElements = webDriver.findElements(By.xpath(xPath));
int sCount = 0;
while (sCount < sTime) {
if (sElements.size() > 0) {
break;
} else {
Thread.sleep(1000);
sCount = sCount + 1;
sElements = webDriver.findElements(By.xpath(xPath));
}
5. Drag and Drop items
Actions builder = new Actions(driver);
Action dragAndDrop = builder.clickAndHold(someElement)
.moveToElement(otherElement)
.release(otherElement)
.build();
dragAndDrop.perform();
6. Execute Java Script statement
JavascriptExecutor jsx = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
jsx.executeScript(“sample code”);
7. Enable elements that will be visible or enabled only on mouse over
${iid}= webDriver.findElement(By.id(“id123″)).getAttribute(attributevalue);
Execute Javascriptvar innerDiv = document.querySelector(‘DOM-
element#${iid}’);innerDiv.style.display=”block”;
DOM-element can be div or input or li
8. Upload a file – We can do it in 2 methods
a. Method1 – If the upload button is defined as DOM element – ‘input’ use following method
WebElement w = getWebDriver().findElement(By.xpath(element-xpath));
w.sendKeys(path-of-file);
b. Method2 – If the upload button is not defined as – ‘input’
String filePath = “path-of-file-for-upload”;
JavascriptExecutor jsx = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
jsx.executeScript(“document.getElementById(‘fileName’).value=’” + filePath + “‘;”);
9. Switch between frames
WebElement iframe = getWebDriver().findElement(By.xpath(“//iframe xpath”));
getWebDriver().switchTo().frame(iframe);
10. Switch back to default content from the frame
After performing actions in the iframe that was switched we might switch back to default content to
perform further activities
getWebDriver().switchTo().defaultContent();
11. Switch to new window
for (String winHandle : webDriver.getWindowHandles()) {
webDriver.switchTo().window(winHandle);
}
12. Switch tab
String oldTab = webDriver.getWindowHandle();
ArrayList<String> newTab = new ArrayList<String>(
webDriver.getWindowHandles());
webDriver.switchTo().window(newTab.get(0));
13. Wait for page load
webDriver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(100, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
14. Scroll window to bottom, to view elements
webDriver = getCurrentWebDriver();
JavascriptExecutor jsx = (JavascriptExecutor) webDriver;
jsx.executeScript(“window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);”);
15. Scroll window to specific height -scrollHeight is the value passed to function
webDriver = getCurrentWebDriver();
JavascriptExecutor jsx = (JavascriptExecutor) webDriver;
jsx.executeScript(“window.scrollTo(0, ” + scrollHeight + “);”);
Have questions? Contact the software testing experts at InApp to learn more.
